Moreover, a commonly commercial extraction method might only obtain 40–70% of the active ingredients ( Schulzki et al., 2017). Decoctions are difficult to prepare and transport, and it is challenging to maintain quality control. Boiling has a great influence on its clinical efficacy. A decoction is an important dosage form of TCM. TCM is still widely used in Taiwan and is beginning to receive global recognition. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been developed and used for over 2,500 years. Our results showed that WD and CHE, both prepared from 40 g of SWT, displayed bioequivalence upon PK/PD analysis. The PD study showed that patients who took both of these formulations had an initial luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio of <1 however, the value returned to normal and their symptoms all improved after taken SWT. The results showed that clinical doses of 170 mL SWT-WD and 18 g SWT-CHE produced the same amount of ferulic acid in the blood. The randomized, two-way crossover comparative PK study of SWT-WD and SWT-CHE analyzed the active component, ferulic acid. In this study, 23 healthy volunteers were included to determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalent dosage of WD and CHE, and 25 infertile women with follicular maldevelopment to evaluate the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects on menstrual disorders. However, few studies have reported the equivalency of these two formulations. Water decoction (WD) and concentrated herbal extract (CHE) are the two most common formulations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese formula, is commonly used to relieve menstrual discomfort and climacteric syndrome.
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